1909

BC Coast Names by Captain Walbran

1909 British Columbia Coast Names 

by Captain Walbran

The year was 1909, and a book was finally put out for sale to the public. British Columbia Coast Names followed a clear, government‑driven production: although the manuscript was completed by 1906, editing and approval were 1906–1908, printing in early 1909, and public distribution later in 1909. It was issued by the Government Printing Bureau in Ottawa for the Geographic Board of Canada, meaning it was a public government publication upon release. “Published by order of Honourable L.P. Brodeur, Minister of Marine and Fisheries… for the Geographic Board of Canada.”

Hydrographers and mariners received British Columbia Coast Names (1909) as a practical reference tool, not a literary work. Early reactions are visible through hydrographic reports, Admiralty correspondence, and mariners’ marginalia, all of which show that Walbran’s book was valued for its accuracy, historical depth, and clarification of confusing or duplicated coastal names. It quickly became a standard companion.

In the book were over a thousand Place Names, and alongside that were how the names became attributed, places like Daring Point near Kennedy Island, named by Commander Hamner in 1877 onboard the HMS Daring.

Throughout the book, many attributions such as Powell Lake near Sliammon on the Malaspina Strait, named in the book after Dr Powell by Lieut. Commander Vere Bernard Orlebar on the HM gun vessel Rocket in 1880.

Author’s Note: There is no supporting documentation for this naming. Existing documents indicate that the naming is non-existent and could not have occurred as portrayed in the book.

Powell Point – on the Skeena River, after Edward J Powell, who was the Chief Draughtsman for the Hydrographic Department and named by Commander John GJ Hamner on the HMS Daring in 1877.

Atrevida Reef – on the northern entrance to Malaspina Strait was named after the Spanish Corvette Atrevida, named by the writer in 1902 and adopted by the Geographical Board of Canada the following year.

(Author’s Note: The name Atrevida Reef has appeared on charts as early as 1882, and there is no indication that the Geographical Board of Canada adopted the name until 1945.]

Coode Peninsula – Malaspina Inlet, after Captain Trevenen P Coode, RN, HMS Sutlej; then there is Desolation Sound, named by Captain Vancouver on account of the gloomy appearance.

(Author’s Note: Named by Vancouver due to melancholy impressions and is the Correct person, but modern scholarship clarifies the naming context and corrects several details in the book, and it is to be considered an error type Partially corrected attribution)

Edward Point – Skeena River, after Edward J Powell in 1877, by Commander Hamner on the HMS Daring, 1877.

Harwood Island – in the Strait of Georgia, named by Captain Vancouver and noticed by him in his Journal under the date June 25, 1792, as follows “On the coast of the mainland, opposite the island, is a small brook probably of fresh water, from whence as we advanced the shores put on a very drear aspect, chiefly composes of rugged rocks thinly wooded with a small dwarf pne trees” Named after Edward Harwood, eldest son of Edward Harwood, DD, native of Lancashire, a classival scholar and biblical critic. He was for many years a surgeon for the navy. He served under Captain (afterwards Admiral) William Bligh on board the HMS Providence 1791-1794, when Bligh was successful in carrying breadfruit from the Society Islands to the West Indies. Dr. Harwood was a collector of ancient coins, and his valuable cabinet of Greek and Roman brass coins, together with his books, was sold at his death, which took place in London on January 6, 1814.

(Author’s Note: In the Diaries of Captain Vancouver, Vancouver himself did not record who “Harwood” was. This naming was not authenticated, nor are there historical documents to support the claim of Captain Walbran)

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – Title page

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 26 Atrevida Reef

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 130  Danube Rock

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 140 Desolation Sound

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 245 Homfray Channel

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 233 Harwood Island

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 234 Harwood Island cont.

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 236 Hegan Point

Homfray Channel – Desolation Sound. After Robert Homfray, civil engineer, residing in Victoria, 1860-1902. Born 1824, native of Hales Owen, Worcestershire, and a pupil of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the eminent civil engineer and naval architect, who designed the steamships Great Western, 1838, Great Britain, 1845, and Great Eastern, 1858, the latter by far the largest vessel ever built until quite recent years. She was commenced May 1, 1854, and launched into the Thames, January 21, 1858. Homfray arrived from California in 1860, and was engaged in surveying duties. (Colonist, 20 March, 1860.) About 1872 he was engaged for a short time surveying in connection with the intended transcontinental railroad, the now well-known Canadian Pacific Railway. He was of an eccentric disposition, and for some years before his death had his tombstone erected in Ross Bay Cemetery, with all particulars on it with the exception of the date of his decease, which was added after the 19 September, 1902, the day he died. Named by Captain Pender (master, R.N.), HM surveying vessel Beaver, circa 1863.

Hurtado point – Malaspina strait. This name appears on the early Spanish charts of these waters, and is doubtless derived from Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, a Spanish naval officer who was sent on an exploring voyage from Mexico northward along the Pacific coast by Francisco Cortés. His voyage is mentioned in the Introduction (page XI) to Galiano’s Journal by a side note, under the title “Viage de Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1532,” and is often referred to in the text. Bancroft states that Hurtado, while on his voyage of discovery was killed by the Indians on the coast of California.

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 243 Hickey Cove

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 257 Hertado Point

Malaspina Inlet – Named by the Spanish naval officers, Galiano and Valdes, July 5, 1792, and marked on their chart, Brazo de Malaspina, after Captain Alexandre Malaspina (“Capitan de Navio”), a celebrated seaman in the naval service of Spain. Born November 5, 1754, of a distinguished family of Italian extraction, he is the most romantic figure among the navigators of the north Pacific, and in 1789 was given the command of a scientific and exploring expedition designed to go round the world, consisting of two ships, Descubierta (Discovery), commanded by himself, and Atrevida (Audacious), Captain Jose Bustamente y Guera. The expedition sailed from Cadiz, 30 -July, 1789, and from Acapulco, 1 May, 1791, proceeding northwards to investigate the alleged discoveries in 1588 of Captain Lorenzo Ferrer de Maldonado. Land was sighted, June 23, near Mount Edgecombe, where they continued exploring for some time, anchoring on their way southwards at Nootka, August 12, where several weeks were spent in scientific observations.

There is no evidence that Malaspina examined or even entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and it is not probable that he did, because Lieutenant Eliza, with the San Carlos and Saturnina, was then engaged upon that work. Malaspina sailed from Nootka, September 25, 1791, and, after calling at Monterey, continued his voyage across the Pacific Ocean, visiting the Philippine Islands, Australia, and New Zealand, returning to Europe via Cape Horn. The expedition arrived at Cadiz, September 21, 1794, where he was well received, but shortly afterwards, having fallen under the suspicion of the Spanish government, he was, for political reasons, imprisoned in the castle of San Antonio at Conuma till 1803, when, through the influence of Count del Melzi, the Emperor Napoleon’s all-powerful sympathy was enlisted, and he procured the liberation of Malaspina who was, however, banished from the country. He took up his residence at Milan, and here was offered high office by the Italian government, but refused it, and retired to Lunigiano, where he died April 9, 1809.

Malaspina’s complete journals with a full and valuable account of his voyage were at last, after nearly a century of unjust and, to Spain, harmful suppression, published in Madrid, 1885, edited by Lieutenant Pedro de Novo y Colson, of the Spanish navy. This fine Bancroft has strangely overlooked this publication. (See N.W, Coast, Vol. II, pi 250.) While Malaspina’s name was omitted by Galiano and Valdes in their Journal as being in command of his expedition to the Pacific, because of the displeasure shown against him by the Spanish government, yet his name was not wholly suppressed, as Greenhow states it was, for it appears in the name of this inlet, Brazo de Malaspina.

(Author’s Note: Named after Spanish explorer Malaspina and is the Correct person, but modern scholarship clarifies the naming was applied by British surveyors, not by Malaspina or Spanish expeditions and is considered an error type: misattributed naming authority.)

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 313 Malaspina Inlet

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 314 Malaspina Inlet cont. & Malaspina Strait

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 315 Malaspina Strait cont. 

Malaspina Strait – Named, in 1859, by Captain Richards, H.M. surveying vessel Plumper, after Captain Alexandre Malaspina, the Italian seaman in the service of Spain, after whom Malaspina inlet was named by Galiano and Valdes in 1792. Captain Vancouver states that the Spanish name of this strait was “Canal del Nuestra Signora del Rosario,” and that it was ten leagues in length from point Upward to point MarshaU. In the Spanish charts of Eliza, 1791, and Galiano and Valdes, 1792, the whole of Vancouver’s Strait of Georgia is given the name which Vancouver assigns to this portion of it.

Marshall Point – northwest point of Texada Island. Named by Vancouver, June 25, 1792, as he passed, with the little fleet of British and Spanish exploring vessels, Discovery and Chatham, Sutil and Mexicana, through what is now known as Malaspina Strait.

Sarah Island – Finlayson Channel. Sarah point, Finlayson island. After Sarah, wife of Roderick Finlayson, chief factor, Hudson’s Bay Company, and second daughter of John Wark, chief factor, Hudson’s Bay Company. Died at Victoria, January 26, 1906. Named by Captain Pender (nav. lieut., RN.), Beaver, 1867.

Sarah Point, near Malaspina Inlet. Named by Vancouver June, 1792, after his elder sister Sarah, and also doubtless in remembrance of his grandmother Sarah, the latter being long known in King’s Lynn as Dame Vancouver. The southeast point of Cortés island, now named Turn point, and directly opposite to Sarah point, was named by Vancouver after his sister Mary. The sisters were born in King’s Lynn and were registered in 1752 and 1753 at the parish church of St. Margaret’s as daughters of John Gasper (spelt in some documents “Gaspar) Vancouver and Bridget his wife.

 

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 321 Marshall Point

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 400 Powell Lake

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 440 Sarah Island

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 441 Sarah Point

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 445 Savary Island

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 459 Skidegate Inlet

Savary island – strait of Georgia. Named by Vancouver, in June, 1792, as the Discovery and Chatham, accompanied by the Spanish vessels Sutil and Mexicana, were passing westward along the continental shore. The Utile fleet had a pleasant easterly wind, and Vancouver had the two commanders, Galiano and Valdes, to dinner, when the latter, who could understand the Indian language, told Vancouver, the Indians said that the channel the vessels were in communicated westward with the ocean, but knowing the Indian character, he did not attach much credence to the report. See Birch Bay; Cordero Channel; Galiano Island; and Valdez Island.

Scotch Fir point, north point of entrance to Jervis inlet. Named by Vancouver as producing the first Scotch firs they had yet seen, June 20, 1792. To this point the continental shore had now been traced by Vancouver personally from Birch Bay, with his yawl and launch, while the vessels were at anchor there. He returned from here to bring his vessels along, and in doing so met with the Spaniards at anchor near the point which Vancouver a week before had named Point Grey.

Texada island, strait of Georgia. Spelt on the old Spanish charts of Eliza and GaUano, 1791 and 1792, Texada island, but mentioned by Vancouver under the name of Favada, 1792. Named Texada island in 1791, by Jose Maria Narvaez, in command of the small exploring vessel Santa Saturnina, one of Lieutenant Commander Eliza’s two vessels.

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 484 Texada Island 

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 486 Thormanby Island

Thormanby Islands, Malaspina Strait, Strait of Georgia. After the race-horse Thormanby, winner of the Derby in 1860, owner, Mr. J. C. Merry, and ridden by the well-known jockey, distance. The names given on the Thormanby islands are all connected with the turf, which see: Buccaneer bay; Derby point; Epsom point; and Oaks point, and also Merry island; Surrey islands; Tattenham ledge; and Welcome pass. Named by Captain Richards and the officers of HM surveying vessel Plumper, 1860.

Trevenen Bay, Malaspina Inlet. Named, in association with Penrose bay and Coode peninsula, after Captain Trevenen Penrose Coode, H.M.S. Sutlej, flagship of Rear Admiral Hon. Joseph Denman, commander in chief Pacific station, 1864-1866. Entered the navy, 1835. Lieutenant, 1845. Commander, 1856. Captain, 1862. Rear admiral, retired, 1878. Vice admiral, 1884. Served in the Royal George, 102 guns, screw line-of-battle ship, during the Russian war, 1854-1856. Named by Captain Pender (master, R.N.), in the Beaver, circa 1865.

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 494 Trevenen Bay

BC Coastal Names 1592 – 1906 – page 510 Veitch Point

Author’s Note: Several BC place names were later corrected when it was discovered that Walbran (or earlier chartmakers) had misattributed a name to the wrong person, or incorrectly assumed a person was being commemorated. These corrections happened after 1909, mostly between the 1920s and 1970s, as the Geographic Board of Canada and later the BC Geographic Names Office re‑evaluated historical evidence.
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Claims and Consequences

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Index

I

The Story of Powell River