1879
When Timber and Territory Collided1879 When Timber and Territory Collided
The Sliammon Reserves and Lot 450
At the end of 1878, a report from the Chief Commissioner of Land and Works indicated that R.C. Cridge had surveyed 2,775 acres of land for Lot 450, Group 1, in the New Westminster Land District. This report confirmed that the Crown had sold this portion of the coast.
In a letter dated September 4, 1879, Malcolm Sproat criticizes the Indian Commission for failing to set aside land for the Sliammon (Tla’amin) Indians and neighbouring tribes. He accuses Mr. Walkens of selling timber rights and land without explicitly consulting the affected communities regarding reserve allocations.
Malcolm Sproat contends that the reserve land had been temporarily withheld for further examination, as it should have been according to earlier correspondence, specifically his letters dated September 8 and November 1, 1876, and April 27, July 17, and October 21, 1878; the Province would not have put up the timber license to be available.
Malcolm Sproat writes that he visited the Sliammon (Tla’amin) Nation in the winter of 1877. However, due to snowy conditions, he was unable to see the locations that the Sliammon (Tla’amin) people were eager for him to visit. This situation allowed the Crown to sell land that they claimed had not been designated as reserve land, ultimately leading to the sale of Lot 450.
On January 1, 1879, Malcolm Sproat wrote a letter explaining that he had requested to visit the Sliammon (Tla’amin) Indians. Between the dates of August 26, 1879, and September 26, 1879, Malcolm Sproat entered the information into the Minutes of Decisions and Sketches and submitted the information to the Dominion.
The notes he submitted mention “From a spot on the sea-shore the north-west corner of the purchased timber claim of Mr. R.P. Rithet, N30 chains along the north coast boundary timber claim – thence or thereabouts but houses cleanliness are true west to the south along the sea-shore” (August 26, 1879)
In a later book, he describes the setting and characteristics of the Sliammon (Tla’amin) Indian reserves as surveyed by Captain William Sugden Jemmett in the latter part of 1879. In the 1879 survey map, two homesteads appear in Theodosia Arm: Mr. Alphonses, who lived by the creek, and Mr. San Nepoleon, who had a homestead farther up the creek.
Indian Reserves Timeline
August 2, 1879
**Reserve 1 – Winter (Main Village)**
Sliammon Indian Reserve No. 1 (Teeshohsum)
September 6, 1879 (Noted on Sproats Notes as September 26, 1879)
**Reserve 2 – Harwood Island**
Harwood Island Indian Reserve No. 2 (Ahgykson)
**Unknown Date**
– **Reserve 3 – Paukeanum**
Paukeanum Indian Reserve No. 3 (Pahkeeahjim)
Located on Cortes Island, on the west shore near the southern tip of the island, north of Smelt Bay.
August 2, 1879**
– **Reserve 4 – Tohk Kwanna**
Toquana Indian Reserve No. 4 (Tohkwonon)
Situated at the head of Theodosia Arm.
**Unknown Date**
– **Reserve 5 – Tokenatch**
Tokenatch Indian Reserve No. 5 (Tuxwnech)
Located at the head of the Okeover Arm of Malaspina Inlet.
**August 6, 1879** ( Noted in Sproats Notes as August 26, 1879)
– **Reserve 6 – Togh Anits**
Kahkaykay Indian Reserve No. 6 (Kahkeeky)
Located on the south side of Gifford Peninsula, near Kahk-ay-kay Bay, on the west side of Grace Harbour in Desolation Sound.
In 1879, the area now known as qathet was well recognized, and Sliammon (Tla’amin) was visited throughout the year by many people, including those representing the Dominion, the Province of British Columbia and those of the Indian Commission.
On January 7, 1879, a Dominion Census taker attended Klah am mon of the Malaspina group and wrote the names of each adult, youth, and Child. The idea behind the census was to determine the size of the Reserve land. At the time of this census, there were 189 persons residing in what is now Tla’amin, and based on the 6 reserves totalling 4710 acres, the average was 24.92 acres per person. In the colonial calculations, based on 6 reserves at 20 acres per family, it averages out to 38 Individual families at Sliammon (Tla’amin) in 1879.
A letter written on June 30, 1879, was in response to an order for an Indian Census for the Coastal Indians by George Blenkinsop, who had previously worked for the Hudson’s Bay Company and later became a Federal Indian Agent. Within this letter is a passage referring to the Klah.ammon Group that resided near Grief Point. “These three tribes, the Klah.a.mon, Klah.house, and the Hoch.mal.kos desired the Com to include them all in one census, as they all intend to make Tay-shoo-sham at Grief Point their future winter village.”
October 28, 1879, Commissioner Malcolm Sproat writes about his visit with the Sliammon (Tla’amin) Tribe. He noted in November of 1879 that the Sliammon (Tla’amin) had previously expressed concerns about timber sales near their principal village, during his visit in July of the same year.
In a letter, Mr. J. Rodells writes to Indian Commissioner Israel Powell about the continued confrontation between the Sliammon (Tla’amin) and the ‘whites’, where the Sliammon (Tla’amin) have seized logs from them. As the letter of 1879 continues, it mentions that the Provincial Government had sold a much-coveted piece of timberland close to the principal village. These letters continue into the 1880’s and repeat the same claims.
References:
BC OBI – Federal and Provincial Collections of Minutes of Decision
Official Source (Digitized PDF, 1879)
Report of the Deputy Superintendent‑General of Indian Affairs, 1879
Direct PDF link https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R1-89-1879-eng.pdf









